| 1453 | | |
| | 1453 | <div> |
| | 1454 | <h2>よりディープな JavaScript の世界へ</h2> |
| | 1455 | <p> |
| | 1456 | テトリスがさっさと完成しちゃったっていう人に送る、よりディープな JavaScript の世界を紹介したいと思います。 |
| | 1457 | </p> |
| | 1458 | <p> |
| | 1459 | 完成したテトリスのコードを、より JavaScript 的に書き換えてみましょう! |
| | 1460 | </p> |
| | 1461 | |
| | 1462 | <div> |
| | 1463 | <h3>関数の名前は、関数という値が入った変数名</h3> |
| | 1464 | <pre><code>function hoge() { |
| | 1465 | alert(1); |
| | 1466 | } |
| | 1467 | |
| | 1468 | hoge(); |
| | 1469 | </code></pre> |
| | 1470 | <p> |
| | 1471 | <a onclick="js(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 1472 | </p> |
| | 1473 | |
| | 1474 | <p> |
| | 1475 | この関数宣言は、実際には以下のようなことが行われています。 |
| | 1476 | </p> |
| | 1477 | <pre><code>var hoge = function () { |
| | 1478 | alert(1); |
| | 1479 | }; |
| | 1480 | |
| | 1481 | hoge(); |
| | 1482 | </code></pre> |
| | 1483 | <p> |
| | 1484 | 実は、この書き方こそが本質的な JavaScript の関数の作りかたなのです。 |
| | 1485 | 今までの書き方は、これの簡易記法に過ぎません。 |
| | 1486 | </p> |
| | 1487 | <p> |
| | 1488 | 試しにさっきのコードを書き換えてみましょう! |
| | 1489 | </p> |
| | 1490 | |
| | 1491 | <p> |
| | 1492 | <a onclick="js(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 1493 | </p> |
| | 1494 | |
| | 1495 | <pre><code><!DOCTYPE html> |
| | 1496 | <html> |
| | 1497 | <head> |
| | 1498 | <meta charset=utf-8> |
| | 1499 | <title>Sample</title> |
| | 1500 | <script type="text/javascript"> |
| | 1501 | var ctx; |
| | 1502 | var blocks = [ |
| | 1503 | [ |
| | 1504 | [1,1], |
| | 1505 | [0,1], |
| | 1506 | [0,1] |
| | 1507 | ], |
| | 1508 | [ |
| | 1509 | [1,1], |
| | 1510 | [1,0], |
| | 1511 | [1,0] |
| | 1512 | ], |
| | 1513 | [ |
| | 1514 | [1,1], |
| | 1515 | [1,1] |
| | 1516 | ], |
| | 1517 | [ |
| | 1518 | [1,0], |
| | 1519 | [1,1], |
| | 1520 | [1,0] |
| | 1521 | ], |
| | 1522 | [ |
| | 1523 | [1,0], |
| | 1524 | [1,1], |
| | 1525 | [0,1] |
| | 1526 | ], |
| | 1527 | [ |
| | 1528 | [0,1], |
| | 1529 | [1,1], |
| | 1530 | [1,0] |
| | 1531 | ], |
| | 1532 | [ |
| | 1533 | [1], |
| | 1534 | [1], |
| | 1535 | [1], |
| | 1536 | [1] |
| | 1537 | ] |
| | 1538 | ]; |
| | 1539 | |
| | 1540 | var block = blocks[Math.floor(Math.random() * blocks.length)]; |
| | 1541 | var posx = 0, posy = 0; |
| | 1542 | var map, mapWidth = 10, mapHeight = 20; |
| | 1543 | |
| | 1544 | <strong>var load = function() {</strong> |
| | 1545 | var elmTarget = document.getElementById('target'); |
| | 1546 | ctx = elmTarget.getContext('2d'); |
| | 1547 | |
| | 1548 | map = []; |
| | 1549 | for (var y = 0; y < mapHeight; y++) { |
| | 1550 | map[y] = []; |
| | 1551 | for (var x = 0; x < mapWidth; x++) { |
| | 1552 | map[y][x] = 0; |
| | 1553 | } |
| | 1554 | } |
| | 1555 | setInterval(paint, 200); |
| | 1556 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 1557 | |
| | 1558 | <strong>var paintMatrix = function(matrix, offsetx, offsety, color) {</strong> |
| | 1559 | ctx.fillStyle = color; |
| | 1560 | for (var y = 0; y < matrix.length; y ++) { |
| | 1561 | for (var x = 0; x < matrix[y].length; x ++) { |
| | 1562 | if (matrix[y][x]) { |
| | 1563 | ctx.fillRect((x + offsetx) * 20, (y + offsety) * 20, 20, 20); |
| | 1564 | } |
| | 1565 | } |
| | 1566 | } |
| | 1567 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 1568 | |
| | 1569 | <strong>var check = function(map, block, offsetx, offsety) {</strong> |
| | 1570 | if (offsetx < 0 || offsety < 0 || |
| | 1571 | mapHeight < offsety + block.length || |
| | 1572 | mapWidth < offsetx + block[0].length) { |
| | 1573 | return false; |
| | 1574 | } |
| | 1575 | for (var y = 0; y < block.length; y ++) { |
| | 1576 | for (var x = 0; x < block[y].length; x ++) { |
| | 1577 | if (block[y][x] && map[y + offsety][x + offsetx]) { |
| | 1578 | return false; |
| | 1579 | } |
| | 1580 | } |
| | 1581 | } |
| | 1582 | return true; |
| | 1583 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 1584 | |
| | 1585 | <strong>var mergeMatrix = function(map, block, offsetx, offsety) {</strong> |
| | 1586 | for (var y = 0; y < mapHeight; y ++) { |
| | 1587 | for (var x = 0; x < mapWidth; x ++) { |
| | 1588 | if (block[y - offsety] && block[y - offsety][x - offsetx]) { |
| | 1589 | map[y][x]++; |
| | 1590 | } |
| | 1591 | } |
| | 1592 | } |
| | 1593 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 1594 | |
| | 1595 | <strong>var clearRows = function(map) {</strong> |
| | 1596 | for (var y = 0; y < mapHeight; y ++) { |
| | 1597 | var full = true; |
| | 1598 | for (var x = 0; x < mapWidth; x ++) { |
| | 1599 | if (!map[y][x]) { |
| | 1600 | full = false; |
| | 1601 | } |
| | 1602 | } |
| | 1603 | if (full) { |
| | 1604 | map.splice(y, 1); |
| | 1605 | var newRow = []; |
| | 1606 | for (var i = 0; i < mapWidth; i ++) { |
| | 1607 | newRow[i] = 0; |
| | 1608 | } |
| | 1609 | map.unshift(newRow); |
| | 1610 | } |
| | 1611 | } |
| | 1612 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 1613 | |
| | 1614 | <strong>var paint = function() {</strong> |
| | 1615 | ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 200, 400); |
| | 1616 | paintMatrix(block, posx, posy, 'rgb(255, 0, 0)'); |
| | 1617 | paintMatrix(map, 0, 0, 'rgb(128, 128, 128)'); |
| | 1618 | |
| | 1619 | if (check(map, block, posx, posy + 1)) { |
| | 1620 | posy = posy + 1; |
| | 1621 | } |
| | 1622 | else { |
| | 1623 | mergeMatrix(map, block, posx, posy); |
| | 1624 | clearRows(map); |
| | 1625 | posx = 0; posy = 0; |
| | 1626 | block = blocks[Math.floor(Math.random() * blocks.length)]; |
| | 1627 | } |
| | 1628 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 1629 | |
| | 1630 | <strong>var rotate = function(block) {</strong> |
| | 1631 | var rotated = []; |
| | 1632 | for (var x = 0; x < block[0].length; x ++) { |
| | 1633 | rotated[x] = []; |
| | 1634 | for (var y = 0; y < block.length; y ++) { |
| | 1635 | rotated[x][block.length - y - 1] = block[y][x]; |
| | 1636 | } |
| | 1637 | } |
| | 1638 | return rotated; |
| | 1639 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 1640 | |
| | 1641 | <strong>var key = function(keyCode) {</strong> |
| | 1642 | switch (keyCode) { |
| | 1643 | case 38: |
| | 1644 | if (!check(map, rotate(block), posx, posy)) { |
| | 1645 | return; |
| | 1646 | } |
| | 1647 | block = rotate(block); |
| | 1648 | break; |
| | 1649 | case 39: |
| | 1650 | if (!check(map, block, posx + 1, posy)) { |
| | 1651 | return; |
| | 1652 | } |
| | 1653 | posx = posx + 1; |
| | 1654 | break; |
| | 1655 | case 37: |
| | 1656 | if (!check(map, block, posx - 1, posy)) { |
| | 1657 | return; |
| | 1658 | } |
| | 1659 | posx = posx - 1; |
| | 1660 | break; |
| | 1661 | case 40: |
| | 1662 | var y = posy; |
| | 1663 | while (check(map, block, posx, y)) { y++; } |
| | 1664 | posy = y - 1; |
| | 1665 | break; |
| | 1666 | default: |
| | 1667 | return; |
| | 1668 | } |
| | 1669 | ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 200, 400); |
| | 1670 | paintMatrix(block, posx, posy, 'rgb(255, 0, 0)'); |
| | 1671 | paintMatrix(map, 0, 0, 'rgb(128, 128, 128)'); |
| | 1672 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 1673 | |
| | 1674 | </script> |
| | 1675 | </head> |
| | 1676 | |
| | 1677 | <body onload="load()" onkeydown="key(event.keyCode)"> |
| | 1678 | <canvas id="target" style="border: 5px solid gray" width="200" height="400"></canvas> |
| | 1679 | </body> |
| | 1680 | </html></code></pre> |
| | 1681 | <p> |
| | 1682 | <a onclick="html(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 1683 | </p> |
| | 1684 | |
| | 1685 | </div> |
| | 1686 | |
| | 1687 | <div> |
| | 1688 | <h3>関数は、関数に渡せる</h3> |
| | 1689 | <p> |
| | 1690 | 前の項で、関数は変数に代入可能な値というのが分かりました。 |
| | 1691 | </p> |
| | 1692 | <p> |
| | 1693 | 変数に代入可能な値は、関数にも渡すことができます。 |
| | 1694 | </p> |
| | 1695 | <p> |
| | 1696 | 実は、今までの例でも関数に関数を渡している箇所があります。 |
| | 1697 | そうです。 paint 関数を定期的に呼び出すところですね。 |
| | 1698 | </p> |
| | 1699 | <p> |
| | 1700 | 以下のような例は setInterval という関数に hoge という関数を渡しているのですね。 |
| | 1701 | </p> |
| | 1702 | <pre><code>var hoge = function() { |
| | 1703 | alert(1); |
| | 1704 | }; |
| | 1705 | |
| | 1706 | // 3 秒に一回 hoge を呼び出す |
| | 1707 | setInterval(hoge, 3000); |
| | 1708 | </code></pre> |
| | 1709 | <p> |
| | 1710 | <a onclick="js(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 1711 | </p> |
| | 1712 | <p> |
| | 1713 | もちろん、変数に一回代入しなくても、直接関数を渡すことができます。 |
| | 1714 | </p> |
| | 1715 | <pre><code>setInterval(function() { |
| | 1716 | alert(1); |
| | 1717 | }, 3000); |
| | 1718 | </code></pre> |
| | 1719 | <p> |
| | 1720 | <a onclick="js(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 1721 | </p> |
| | 1722 | |
| | 1723 | <p> |
| | 1724 | では、テトリスのコードも直接関数を渡す形式に書き換えてみましょう! |
| | 1725 | (paint 関数の中身を直接 setInterval にぶち込みます) |
| | 1726 | </p> |
| | 1727 | <pre><code><!DOCTYPE html> |
| | 1728 | <html> |
| | 1729 | <head> |
| | 1730 | <meta charset=utf-8> |
| | 1731 | <title>Sample</title> |
| | 1732 | <script type="text/javascript"> |
| | 1733 | var ctx; |
| | 1734 | var blocks = [ |
| | 1735 | [ |
| | 1736 | [1,1], |
| | 1737 | [0,1], |
| | 1738 | [0,1] |
| | 1739 | ], |
| | 1740 | [ |
| | 1741 | [1,1], |
| | 1742 | [1,0], |
| | 1743 | [1,0] |
| | 1744 | ], |
| | 1745 | [ |
| | 1746 | [1,1], |
| | 1747 | [1,1] |
| | 1748 | ], |
| | 1749 | [ |
| | 1750 | [1,0], |
| | 1751 | [1,1], |
| | 1752 | [1,0] |
| | 1753 | ], |
| | 1754 | [ |
| | 1755 | [1,0], |
| | 1756 | [1,1], |
| | 1757 | [0,1] |
| | 1758 | ], |
| | 1759 | [ |
| | 1760 | [0,1], |
| | 1761 | [1,1], |
| | 1762 | [1,0] |
| | 1763 | ], |
| | 1764 | [ |
| | 1765 | [1], |
| | 1766 | [1], |
| | 1767 | [1], |
| | 1768 | [1] |
| | 1769 | ] |
| | 1770 | ]; |
| | 1771 | |
| | 1772 | var block = blocks[Math.floor(Math.random() * blocks.length)]; |
| | 1773 | var posx = 0, posy = 0; |
| | 1774 | var map, mapWidth = 10, mapHeight = 20; |
| | 1775 | |
| | 1776 | var load = function() { |
| | 1777 | var elmTarget = document.getElementById('target'); |
| | 1778 | ctx = elmTarget.getContext('2d'); |
| | 1779 | |
| | 1780 | map = []; |
| | 1781 | for (var y = 0; y < mapHeight; y++) { |
| | 1782 | map[y] = []; |
| | 1783 | for (var x = 0; x < mapWidth; x++) { |
| | 1784 | map[y][x] = 0; |
| | 1785 | } |
| | 1786 | } |
| | 1787 | |
| | 1788 | <strong>setInterval(function() {</strong> |
| | 1789 | <strong>ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 200, 400);</strong> |
| | 1790 | <strong>paintMatrix(block, posx, posy, 'rgb(255, 0, 0)');</strong> |
| | 1791 | <strong>paintMatrix(map, 0, 0, 'rgb(128, 128, 128)');</strong> |
| | 1792 | |
| | 1793 | <strong>if (check(map, block, posx, posy + 1)) {</strong> |
| | 1794 | <strong>posy = posy + 1;</strong> |
| | 1795 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 1796 | <strong>else {</strong> |
| | 1797 | <strong>mergeMatrix(map, block, posx, posy);</strong> |
| | 1798 | <strong>clearRows(map);</strong> |
| | 1799 | <strong>posx = 0; posy = 0;</strong> |
| | 1800 | <strong>block = blocks[Math.floor(Math.random() * blocks.length)];</strong> |
| | 1801 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 1802 | <strong>}, 200);</strong> |
| | 1803 | }; |
| | 1804 | |
| | 1805 | var paintMatrix = function(matrix, offsetx, offsety, color) { |
| | 1806 | ctx.fillStyle = color; |
| | 1807 | for (var y = 0; y < matrix.length; y ++) { |
| | 1808 | for (var x = 0; x < matrix[y].length; x ++) { |
| | 1809 | if (matrix[y][x]) { |
| | 1810 | ctx.fillRect((x + offsetx) * 20, (y + offsety) * 20, 20, 20); |
| | 1811 | } |
| | 1812 | } |
| | 1813 | } |
| | 1814 | }; |
| | 1815 | |
| | 1816 | var check = function(map, block, offsetx, offsety) { |
| | 1817 | if (offsetx < 0 || offsety < 0 || |
| | 1818 | mapHeight < offsety + block.length || |
| | 1819 | mapWidth < offsetx + block[0].length) { |
| | 1820 | return false; |
| | 1821 | } |
| | 1822 | for (var y = 0; y < block.length; y ++) { |
| | 1823 | for (var x = 0; x < block[y].length; x ++) { |
| | 1824 | if (block[y][x] && map[y + offsety][x + offsetx]) { |
| | 1825 | return false; |
| | 1826 | } |
| | 1827 | } |
| | 1828 | } |
| | 1829 | return true; |
| | 1830 | }; |
| | 1831 | |
| | 1832 | var mergeMatrix = function(map, block, offsetx, offsety) { |
| | 1833 | for (var y = 0; y < mapHeight; y ++) { |
| | 1834 | for (var x = 0; x < mapWidth; x ++) { |
| | 1835 | if (block[y - offsety] && block[y - offsety][x - offsetx]) { |
| | 1836 | map[y][x]++; |
| | 1837 | } |
| | 1838 | } |
| | 1839 | } |
| | 1840 | }; |
| | 1841 | |
| | 1842 | var clearRows = function(map) { |
| | 1843 | for (var y = 0; y < mapHeight; y ++) { |
| | 1844 | var full = true; |
| | 1845 | for (var x = 0; x < mapWidth; x ++) { |
| | 1846 | if (!map[y][x]) { |
| | 1847 | full = false; |
| | 1848 | } |
| | 1849 | } |
| | 1850 | if (full) { |
| | 1851 | map.splice(y, 1); |
| | 1852 | var newRow = []; |
| | 1853 | for (var i = 0; i < mapWidth; i ++) { |
| | 1854 | newRow[i] = 0; |
| | 1855 | } |
| | 1856 | map.unshift(newRow); |
| | 1857 | } |
| | 1858 | } |
| | 1859 | }; |
| | 1860 | |
| | 1861 | var rotate = function(block) { |
| | 1862 | var rotated = []; |
| | 1863 | for (var x = 0; x < block[0].length; x ++) { |
| | 1864 | rotated[x] = []; |
| | 1865 | for (var y = 0; y < block.length; y ++) { |
| | 1866 | rotated[x][block.length - y - 1] = block[y][x]; |
| | 1867 | } |
| | 1868 | } |
| | 1869 | return rotated; |
| | 1870 | }; |
| | 1871 | |
| | 1872 | var key = function(keyCode) { |
| | 1873 | switch (keyCode) { |
| | 1874 | case 38: |
| | 1875 | if (!check(map, rotate(block), posx, posy)) { |
| | 1876 | return; |
| | 1877 | } |
| | 1878 | block = rotate(block); |
| | 1879 | break; |
| | 1880 | case 39: |
| | 1881 | if (!check(map, block, posx + 1, posy)) { |
| | 1882 | return; |
| | 1883 | } |
| | 1884 | posx = posx + 1; |
| | 1885 | break; |
| | 1886 | case 37: |
| | 1887 | if (!check(map, block, posx - 1, posy)) { |
| | 1888 | return; |
| | 1889 | } |
| | 1890 | posx = posx - 1; |
| | 1891 | break; |
| | 1892 | case 40: |
| | 1893 | var y = posy; |
| | 1894 | while (check(map, block, posx, y)) { y++; } |
| | 1895 | posy = y - 1; |
| | 1896 | break; |
| | 1897 | default: |
| | 1898 | return; |
| | 1899 | } |
| | 1900 | ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 200, 400); |
| | 1901 | paintMatrix(block, posx, posy, 'rgb(255, 0, 0)'); |
| | 1902 | paintMatrix(map, 0, 0, 'rgb(128, 128, 128)'); |
| | 1903 | }; |
| | 1904 | |
| | 1905 | </script> |
| | 1906 | </head> |
| | 1907 | |
| | 1908 | <body onload="load()" onkeydown="key(event.keyCode)"> |
| | 1909 | <canvas id="target" style="border: 5px solid gray" width="200" height="400"></canvas> |
| | 1910 | </body> |
| | 1911 | </html></code></pre> |
| | 1912 | <p> |
| | 1913 | <a onclick="html(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 1914 | </p> |
| | 1915 | </div> |
| | 1916 | |
| | 1917 | <div> |
| | 1918 | <h3>オブジェクトを作ってみよう</h3> |
| | 1919 | |
| | 1920 | <p> |
| | 1921 | 今までに出てきた ctx などのような<strong>値の中にさらに値(関数も含む)を持つ値</strong>のことを |
| | 1922 | <strong>オブジェクト</strong>と言います。 |
| | 1923 | </p> |
| | 1924 | |
| | 1925 | <p> |
| | 1926 | さっそく、オブジェクトを作ってみましょう。 |
| | 1927 | </p> |
| | 1928 | <pre><code>var a = { |
| | 1929 | hoge: 1, |
| | 1930 | fuga: 2 |
| | 1931 | }; |
| | 1932 | |
| | 1933 | alert(a.hoge); |
| | 1934 | alert(a.fuga); |
| | 1935 | </code></pre> |
| | 1936 | <p> |
| | 1937 | <a onclick="js(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 1938 | </p> |
| | 1939 | <p> |
| | 1940 | ここでの hoge や fuga のことをプロパティといいます。 |
| | 1941 | </p> |
| | 1942 | |
| | 1943 | <p> |
| | 1944 | プロパティには、値を代入することもできます。 |
| | 1945 | </p> |
| | 1946 | <pre><code>var a = { |
| | 1947 | hoge: 1, |
| | 1948 | fuga: 2 |
| | 1949 | }; |
| | 1950 | |
| | 1951 | a.hoge = 3; |
| | 1952 | |
| | 1953 | alert(a.hoge); |
| | 1954 | </code></pre> |
| | 1955 | <p> |
| | 1956 | <a onclick="js(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 1957 | </p> |
| | 1958 | |
| | 1959 | <p> |
| | 1960 | 存在しないプロパティに値を代入することもできます。 |
| | 1961 | </p> |
| | 1962 | <pre><code>var a = { |
| | 1963 | hoge: 1, |
| | 1964 | fuga: 2 |
| | 1965 | }; |
| | 1966 | |
| | 1967 | a.piyo = 3; |
| | 1968 | |
| | 1969 | alert(a.piyo); |
| | 1970 | </code></pre> |
| | 1971 | <p> |
| | 1972 | <a onclick="js(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 1973 | </p> |
| | 1974 | |
| | 1975 | <p> |
| | 1976 | 関数をプロパティに持たせることもできます。 |
| | 1977 | このときに this という特殊な変数なようなものを使うと、そのオブジェクト自体を関数内で扱うことが出来ます。 |
| | 1978 | </p> |
| | 1979 | <pre><code>var a = { |
| | 1980 | hoge: 1, |
| | 1981 | fuga: 2, |
| | 1982 | alertHoge: function() { |
| | 1983 | alert(this.hoge); |
| | 1984 | } |
| | 1985 | }; |
| | 1986 | |
| | 1987 | a.alertHoge(); |
| | 1988 | </code></pre> |
| | 1989 | <p> |
| | 1990 | <a onclick="js(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 1991 | </p> |
| | 1992 | |
| | 1993 | <p> |
| | 1994 | このように、<strong>値に対する様々な操作</strong>はオブジェクトにプロパティに入れた関数で行うと、 |
| | 1995 | プログラム全体の見通しがよくなります。 |
| | 1996 | </p> |
| | 1997 | |
| | 1998 | </div> |
| | 1999 | |
| | 2000 | <div> |
| | 2001 | <h3>同じ特性を持ったオブジェクトを作る</h3> |
| | 2002 | <p> |
| | 2003 | プログラムをやっていると、同じ特性を持ったオブジェクトを作りたいという時があります。 |
| | 2004 | そのようなときは new という仕組みを使います。 |
| | 2005 | </p> |
| | 2006 | |
| | 2007 | <pre><code>var Dog = function(name) { |
| | 2008 | this.name = name; |
| | 2009 | this.type = '犬'; |
| | 2010 | }; |
| | 2011 | |
| | 2012 | var pochi = new Dog('ポチ'); |
| | 2013 | var hachi = new Dog('ハチ'); |
| | 2014 | |
| | 2015 | alert(pochi.name); |
| | 2016 | alert(pochi.type); |
| | 2017 | |
| | 2018 | alert(hachi.name); |
| | 2019 | alert(hachi.type); |
| | 2020 | </code></pre> |
| | 2021 | <p> |
| | 2022 | <a onclick="js(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 2023 | </p> |
| | 2024 | |
| | 2025 | <p> |
| | 2026 | ちょっと変な感じがするかもしれませんが、関数には二つの使い方があるのです。 |
| | 2027 | </p> |
| | 2028 | <ul> |
| | 2029 | <li>処理をまとめる(普通の関数として使う)</li> |
| | 2030 | <li>同じ特性を持ったオブジェクトを生成する</li> |
| | 2031 | </ul> |
| | 2032 | <p> |
| | 2033 | この 2 番目の使い方をする関数のことを<strong>コンストラクタ</strong>といいます。 |
| | 2034 | </p> |
| | 2035 | <p> |
| | 2036 | このように関数と new を使ってオブジェクトを作った場合は、全員に共通のプロパティを持たせることができます。 |
| | 2037 | </p> |
| | 2038 | <p> |
| | 2039 | 以下の例をみてみましょう。 |
| | 2040 | </p> |
| | 2041 | |
| | 2042 | <pre><code>var Dog = function(name) { |
| | 2043 | this.name = name; |
| | 2044 | }; |
| | 2045 | |
| | 2046 | <strong>Dog.prototype.type = '犬';</strong> |
| | 2047 | <strong>Dog.prototype.bow = function() {</strong> |
| | 2048 | <strong>alert(this.name + '「わんわん」');</strong> |
| | 2049 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 2050 | |
| | 2051 | var pochi = new Dog('ポチ'); |
| | 2052 | var hachi = new Dog('ハチ'); |
| | 2053 | |
| | 2054 | pochi.bow(); |
| | 2055 | hachi.bow(); |
| | 2056 | </code></pre> |
| | 2057 | <p> |
| | 2058 | <a onclick="js(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 2059 | </p> |
| | 2060 | <p> |
| | 2061 | つまり pochi オブジェクトや hachi オブジェクトは |
| | 2062 | Dog.prototype オブジェクトが持っている全てのプロパティにアクセスすることができます。 |
| | 2063 | </p> |
| | 2064 | <p> |
| | 2065 | このとき、 pochi オブジェクトや hachi オブジェクトは、 Dog.prototype オブジェクトを<strong>継承</strong>したオブジェクトといいます。 |
| | 2066 | </p> |
| | 2067 | </div> |
| | 2068 | |
| | 2069 | <div> |
| | 2070 | <h3>配列が継承しているオブジェクト</h3> |
| | 2071 | <p> |
| | 2072 | このように、オブジェクトはオブジェクトを継承することで、共通のプロパティを作ることができます。 |
| | 2073 | </p> |
| | 2074 | <p> |
| | 2075 | 実は、配列も <strong>Array.prototype</strong> というオブジェクトを継承しています。 |
| | 2076 | </p> |
| | 2077 | <p> |
| | 2078 | 以下の例を見てみましょう。 |
| | 2079 | </p> |
| | 2080 | |
| | 2081 | <pre><code>Array.prototype.first = function() { |
| | 2082 | return this[0]; |
| | 2083 | }; |
| | 2084 | |
| | 2085 | var array = ['hoge', 'fuga', 'piyo']; |
| | 2086 | |
| | 2087 | alert(array.first()); |
| | 2088 | alert([10, 20, 30].first()); |
| | 2089 | </code></pre> |
| | 2090 | <p> |
| | 2091 | <a onclick="js(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 2092 | </p> |
| | 2093 | |
| | 2094 | <p> |
| | 2095 | Array.prototype のプロパティに関数を追加して、すべての配列に操作が加わったことが分かります。 |
| | 2096 | </p> |
| | 2097 | <p> |
| | 2098 | では、さっきのテトリスの例も Array.prototype を拡張してみましょう。 |
| | 2099 | </p> |
| | 2100 | |
| | 2101 | <pre><code><!DOCTYPE html> |
| | 2102 | <html> |
| | 2103 | <head> |
| | 2104 | <meta charset=utf-8> |
| | 2105 | <title>Sample</title> |
| | 2106 | <script type="text/javascript"> |
| | 2107 | |
| | 2108 | <strong>Array.prototype.each = function(fn) {</strong> |
| | 2109 | <strong>var result = [];</strong> |
| | 2110 | <strong>for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i ++) {</strong> |
| | 2111 | <strong>result[i] = fn(this[i], i);</strong> |
| | 2112 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2113 | <strong>return result;</strong> |
| | 2114 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 2115 | |
| | 2116 | var ctx; |
| | 2117 | var blocks = [ |
| | 2118 | [ |
| | 2119 | [1,1], |
| | 2120 | [0,1], |
| | 2121 | [0,1] |
| | 2122 | ], |
| | 2123 | [ |
| | 2124 | [1,1], |
| | 2125 | [1,0], |
| | 2126 | [1,0] |
| | 2127 | ], |
| | 2128 | [ |
| | 2129 | [1,1], |
| | 2130 | [1,1] |
| | 2131 | ], |
| | 2132 | [ |
| | 2133 | [1,0], |
| | 2134 | [1,1], |
| | 2135 | [1,0] |
| | 2136 | ], |
| | 2137 | [ |
| | 2138 | [1,0], |
| | 2139 | [1,1], |
| | 2140 | [0,1] |
| | 2141 | ], |
| | 2142 | [ |
| | 2143 | [0,1], |
| | 2144 | [1,1], |
| | 2145 | [1,0] |
| | 2146 | ], |
| | 2147 | [ |
| | 2148 | [1], |
| | 2149 | [1], |
| | 2150 | [1], |
| | 2151 | [1] |
| | 2152 | ] |
| | 2153 | ]; |
| | 2154 | |
| | 2155 | var block = blocks[Math.floor(Math.random() * blocks.length)]; |
| | 2156 | var posx = 0, posy = 0; |
| | 2157 | var mapWidth = 10, mapHeight = 20; |
| | 2158 | |
| | 2159 | <strong>var map = new Array(mapHeight).each(function() {</strong> |
| | 2160 | <strong>return new Array(mapWidth).each(function() { return 0; });</strong> |
| | 2161 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2162 | |
| | 2163 | var load = function() { |
| | 2164 | var elmTarget = document.getElementById('target'); |
| | 2165 | ctx = elmTarget.getContext('2d'); |
| | 2166 | |
| | 2167 | setInterval(function() { |
| | 2168 | ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 200, 400); |
| | 2169 | paintMatrix(block, posx, posy, 'rgb(255, 0, 0)'); |
| | 2170 | paintMatrix(map, 0, 0, 'rgb(128, 128, 128)'); |
| | 2171 | |
| | 2172 | if (check(map, block, posx, posy + 1)) { |
| | 2173 | posy = posy + 1; |
| | 2174 | } |
| | 2175 | else { |
| | 2176 | mergeMatrix(map, block, posx, posy); |
| | 2177 | clearRows(map); |
| | 2178 | posx = 0; posy = 0; |
| | 2179 | block = blocks[Math.floor(Math.random() * blocks.length)]; |
| | 2180 | } |
| | 2181 | }, 200); |
| | 2182 | }; |
| | 2183 | |
| | 2184 | var paintMatrix = function(matrix, offsetx, offsety, color) { |
| | 2185 | ctx.fillStyle = color; |
| | 2186 | |
| | 2187 | <strong>matrix.each(function(row, y) {</strong> |
| | 2188 | <strong>row.each(function(val, x) {</strong> |
| | 2189 | <strong>if (val) {</strong> |
| | 2190 | <strong>ctx.fillRect((x + offsetx) * 20, (y + offsety) * 20, 20, 20);</strong> |
| | 2191 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2192 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2193 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2194 | }; |
| | 2195 | |
| | 2196 | var check = function(map, block, offsetx, offsety) { |
| | 2197 | if (offsetx < 0 || offsety < 0 || |
| | 2198 | mapHeight < offsety + block.length || |
| | 2199 | mapWidth < offsetx + block[0].length) { |
| | 2200 | return false; |
| | 2201 | } |
| | 2202 | |
| | 2203 | <strong>var ok = true;</strong> |
| | 2204 | <strong>block.each(function(row, y) {</strong> |
| | 2205 | <strong>row.each(function(val, x) {</strong> |
| | 2206 | <strong>if (val && map[y + offsety][x + offsetx]) {</strong> |
| | 2207 | <strong>ok = false;</strong> |
| | 2208 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2209 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2210 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2211 | <strong>return ok;</strong> |
| | 2212 | }; |
| | 2213 | |
| | 2214 | var mergeMatrix = function(map, block, offsetx, offsety) { |
| | 2215 | <strong>map.each(function(row, y) {</strong> |
| | 2216 | <strong>row.each(function(val, x) {</strong> |
| | 2217 | <strong>if (block[y - offsety] && block[y - offsety][x - offsetx]) {</strong> |
| | 2218 | <strong>row[x]++;</strong> |
| | 2219 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2220 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2221 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2222 | }; |
| | 2223 | |
| | 2224 | var clearRows = function(map) { |
| | 2225 | <strong>map.each(function(row, y) {</strong> |
| | 2226 | <strong>var full = true;</strong> |
| | 2227 | <strong>row.each(function(val, x) {</strong> |
| | 2228 | <strong>if (!val) {</strong> |
| | 2229 | <strong>full = false;</strong> |
| | 2230 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2231 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2232 | <strong>if (full) {</strong> |
| | 2233 | <strong>map.splice(y, 1);</strong> |
| | 2234 | <strong>map.unshift(new Array(mapWidth).each(function() { return 0 }));</strong> |
| | 2235 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2236 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2237 | }; |
| | 2238 | |
| | 2239 | var rotate = function(block) { |
| | 2240 | <strong>return new Array(block[0].length).each(function(_, y) {</strong> |
| | 2241 | <strong>return new Array(block.length).each(function(_, x) {</strong> |
| | 2242 | <strong>return block[block.length - x - 1][y];</strong> |
| | 2243 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2244 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2245 | }; |
| | 2246 | |
| | 2247 | var key = function(keyCode) { |
| | 2248 | switch (keyCode) { |
| | 2249 | case 38: |
| | 2250 | if (!check(map, rotate(block), posx, posy)) { |
| | 2251 | return; |
| | 2252 | } |
| | 2253 | block = rotate(block); |
| | 2254 | break; |
| | 2255 | case 39: |
| | 2256 | if (!check(map, block, posx + 1, posy)) { |
| | 2257 | return; |
| | 2258 | } |
| | 2259 | posx = posx + 1; |
| | 2260 | break; |
| | 2261 | case 37: |
| | 2262 | if (!check(map, block, posx - 1, posy)) { |
| | 2263 | return; |
| | 2264 | } |
| | 2265 | posx = posx - 1; |
| | 2266 | break; |
| | 2267 | case 40: |
| | 2268 | var y = posy; |
| | 2269 | while (check(map, block, posx, y)) { y++; } |
| | 2270 | posy = y - 1; |
| | 2271 | break; |
| | 2272 | default: |
| | 2273 | return; |
| | 2274 | } |
| | 2275 | ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 200, 400); |
| | 2276 | paintMatrix(block, posx, posy, 'rgb(255, 0, 0)'); |
| | 2277 | paintMatrix(map, 0, 0, 'rgb(128, 128, 128)'); |
| | 2278 | }; |
| | 2279 | |
| | 2280 | </script> |
| | 2281 | </head> |
| | 2282 | |
| | 2283 | <body onload="load()" onkeydown="key(event.keyCode)"> |
| | 2284 | <canvas id="target" style="border: 5px solid gray" width="200" height="400"></canvas> |
| | 2285 | </body> |
| | 2286 | </html></code></pre> |
| | 2287 | <p> |
| | 2288 | <a onclick="html(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 2289 | </p> |
| | 2290 | </div> |
| | 2291 | |
| | 2292 | <div> |
| | 2293 | <h3>配列が継承しているオブジェクト</h3> |
| | 2294 | |
| | 2295 | <pre><code><!DOCTYPE html> |
| | 2296 | <html> |
| | 2297 | <head> |
| | 2298 | <meta charset=utf-8> |
| | 2299 | <title>Sample</title> |
| | 2300 | <script type="text/javascript"> |
| | 2301 | |
| | 2302 | <strong>Array.prototype.each = function(fn) {</strong> |
| | 2303 | <strong>var result = [];</strong> |
| | 2304 | <strong>for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i ++) {</strong> |
| | 2305 | <strong>result[i] = fn(this[i], i);</strong> |
| | 2306 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2307 | <strong>return result;</strong> |
| | 2308 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 2309 | |
| | 2310 | var ctx; |
| | 2311 | var blocks = [ |
| | 2312 | [ |
| | 2313 | [1,1], |
| | 2314 | [0,1], |
| | 2315 | [0,1] |
| | 2316 | ], |
| | 2317 | [ |
| | 2318 | [1,1], |
| | 2319 | [1,0], |
| | 2320 | [1,0] |
| | 2321 | ], |
| | 2322 | [ |
| | 2323 | [1,1], |
| | 2324 | [1,1] |
| | 2325 | ], |
| | 2326 | [ |
| | 2327 | [1,0], |
| | 2328 | [1,1], |
| | 2329 | [1,0] |
| | 2330 | ], |
| | 2331 | [ |
| | 2332 | [1,0], |
| | 2333 | [1,1], |
| | 2334 | [0,1] |
| | 2335 | ], |
| | 2336 | [ |
| | 2337 | [0,1], |
| | 2338 | [1,1], |
| | 2339 | [1,0] |
| | 2340 | ], |
| | 2341 | [ |
| | 2342 | [1], |
| | 2343 | [1], |
| | 2344 | [1], |
| | 2345 | [1] |
| | 2346 | ] |
| | 2347 | ]; |
| | 2348 | |
| | 2349 | var block = blocks[Math.floor(Math.random() * blocks.length)]; |
| | 2350 | var posx = 0, posy = 0; |
| | 2351 | var mapWidth = 10, mapHeight = 20; |
| | 2352 | |
| | 2353 | <strong>var map = new Array(mapHeight).each(function() {</strong> |
| | 2354 | <strong>return new Array(mapWidth).each(function() { return 0; });</strong> |
| | 2355 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2356 | |
| | 2357 | var load = function() { |
| | 2358 | var elmTarget = document.getElementById('target'); |
| | 2359 | ctx = elmTarget.getContext('2d'); |
| | 2360 | |
| | 2361 | setInterval(function() { |
| | 2362 | ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 200, 400); |
| | 2363 | paintMatrix(block, posx, posy, 'rgb(255, 0, 0)'); |
| | 2364 | paintMatrix(map, 0, 0, 'rgb(128, 128, 128)'); |
| | 2365 | |
| | 2366 | if (check(map, block, posx, posy + 1)) { |
| | 2367 | posy = posy + 1; |
| | 2368 | } |
| | 2369 | else { |
| | 2370 | mergeMatrix(map, block, posx, posy); |
| | 2371 | clearRows(map); |
| | 2372 | posx = 0; posy = 0; |
| | 2373 | block = blocks[Math.floor(Math.random() * blocks.length)]; |
| | 2374 | } |
| | 2375 | }, 200); |
| | 2376 | }; |
| | 2377 | |
| | 2378 | var paintMatrix = function(matrix, offsetx, offsety, color) { |
| | 2379 | ctx.fillStyle = color; |
| | 2380 | |
| | 2381 | <strong>matrix.each(function(row, y) {</strong> |
| | 2382 | <strong>row.each(function(val, x) {</strong> |
| | 2383 | <strong>if (val) {</strong> |
| | 2384 | <strong>ctx.fillRect((x + offsetx) * 20, (y + offsety) * 20, 20, 20);</strong> |
| | 2385 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2386 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2387 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2388 | }; |
| | 2389 | |
| | 2390 | var check = function(map, block, offsetx, offsety) { |
| | 2391 | if (offsetx < 0 || offsety < 0 || |
| | 2392 | mapHeight < offsety + block.length || |
| | 2393 | mapWidth < offsetx + block[0].length) { |
| | 2394 | return false; |
| | 2395 | } |
| | 2396 | |
| | 2397 | <strong>var ok = true;</strong> |
| | 2398 | <strong>block.each(function(row, y) {</strong> |
| | 2399 | <strong>row.each(function(val, x) {</strong> |
| | 2400 | <strong>if (val && map[y + offsety][x + offsetx]) {</strong> |
| | 2401 | <strong>ok = false;</strong> |
| | 2402 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2403 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2404 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2405 | <strong>return ok;</strong> |
| | 2406 | }; |
| | 2407 | |
| | 2408 | var mergeMatrix = function(map, block, offsetx, offsety) { |
| | 2409 | <strong>map.each(function(row, y) {</strong> |
| | 2410 | <strong>row.each(function(val, x) {</strong> |
| | 2411 | <strong>if (block[y - offsety] && block[y - offsety][x - offsetx]) {</strong> |
| | 2412 | <strong>row[x]++;</strong> |
| | 2413 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2414 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2415 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2416 | }; |
| | 2417 | |
| | 2418 | var clearRows = function(map) { |
| | 2419 | <strong>map.each(function(row, y) {</strong> |
| | 2420 | <strong>var full = true;</strong> |
| | 2421 | <strong>row.each(function(val, x) {</strong> |
| | 2422 | <strong>if (!val) {</strong> |
| | 2423 | <strong>full = false;</strong> |
| | 2424 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2425 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2426 | <strong>if (full) {</strong> |
| | 2427 | <strong>map.splice(y, 1);</strong> |
| | 2428 | <strong>map.unshift(new Array(mapWidth).each(function() { return 0 }));</strong> |
| | 2429 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2430 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2431 | }; |
| | 2432 | |
| | 2433 | var rotate = function(block) { |
| | 2434 | <strong>return new Array(block[0].length).each(function(_, y) {</strong> |
| | 2435 | <strong>return new Array(block.length).each(function(_, x) {</strong> |
| | 2436 | <strong>return block[block.length - x - 1][y];</strong> |
| | 2437 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2438 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2439 | }; |
| | 2440 | |
| | 2441 | var key = function(keyCode) { |
| | 2442 | switch (keyCode) { |
| | 2443 | case 38: |
| | 2444 | if (!check(map, rotate(block), posx, posy)) { |
| | 2445 | return; |
| | 2446 | } |
| | 2447 | block = rotate(block); |
| | 2448 | break; |
| | 2449 | case 39: |
| | 2450 | if (!check(map, block, posx + 1, posy)) { |
| | 2451 | return; |
| | 2452 | } |
| | 2453 | posx = posx + 1; |
| | 2454 | break; |
| | 2455 | case 37: |
| | 2456 | if (!check(map, block, posx - 1, posy)) { |
| | 2457 | return; |
| | 2458 | } |
| | 2459 | posx = posx - 1; |
| | 2460 | break; |
| | 2461 | case 40: |
| | 2462 | var y = posy; |
| | 2463 | while (check(map, block, posx, y)) { y++; } |
| | 2464 | posy = y - 1; |
| | 2465 | break; |
| | 2466 | default: |
| | 2467 | return; |
| | 2468 | } |
| | 2469 | ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 200, 400); |
| | 2470 | paintMatrix(block, posx, posy, 'rgb(255, 0, 0)'); |
| | 2471 | paintMatrix(map, 0, 0, 'rgb(128, 128, 128)'); |
| | 2472 | }; |
| | 2473 | |
| | 2474 | </script> |
| | 2475 | </head> |
| | 2476 | |
| | 2477 | <body onload="load()" onkeydown="key(event.keyCode)"> |
| | 2478 | <canvas id="target" style="border: 5px solid gray" width="200" height="400"></canvas> |
| | 2479 | </body> |
| | 2480 | </html></code></pre> |
| | 2481 | <p> |
| | 2482 | <a onclick="html(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 2483 | </p> |
| | 2484 | </div> |
| | 2485 | |
| | 2486 | <div> |
| | 2487 | <h3>オブジェクト指向</h3> |
| | 2488 | |
| | 2489 | <p> |
| | 2490 | 今までに作ってきた、テトリスのプログラムを見ると 2 重配列の操作関数が沢山出てきます。 |
| | 2491 | </p> |
| | 2492 | <ul> |
| | 2493 | <li>paintMatrix</li> |
| | 2494 | <li>check</li> |
| | 2495 | <li>mergeMatrix</li> |
| | 2496 | <li>clearRows</li> |
| | 2497 | <li>rotate</li> |
| | 2498 | </ul> |
| | 2499 | <p> |
| | 2500 | あるデータに対する操作関数が沢山ある場合は、 |
| | 2501 | そのデータと操作関数をオブジェクトのプロパティにすると全体の見通しが良くなります。 |
| | 2502 | </p> |
| | 2503 | <p> |
| | 2504 | このように、データと操作をオブジェクトというものにまとめて、 |
| | 2505 | 整理しながらプログラム書くことを<strong>オブジェクト指向</strong>と言います。 |
| | 2506 | </p> |
| | 2507 | |
| | 2508 | <p> |
| | 2509 | では、 Matrix というコンストラクタを作って、二重配列への操作関数をまとめてみましょう。 |
| | 2510 | </p> |
| | 2511 | <pre><code><!DOCTYPE html> |
| | 2512 | <html> |
| | 2513 | <head> |
| | 2514 | <meta charset=utf-8> |
| | 2515 | <title>Sample</title> |
| | 2516 | <script type="text/javascript"> |
| | 2517 | |
| | 2518 | Array.prototype.each = function(fn) { |
| | 2519 | var result = []; |
| | 2520 | for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i ++) { |
| | 2521 | result[i] = fn(this[i], i); |
| | 2522 | } |
| | 2523 | return result; |
| | 2524 | }; |
| | 2525 | |
| | 2526 | <strong>var Matrix = function(matrix) {</strong> |
| | 2527 | <strong>this.matrix = matrix;</strong> |
| | 2528 | <strong>this.height = matrix.length;</strong> |
| | 2529 | <strong>this.width = matrix[0].length;</strong> |
| | 2530 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 2531 | |
| | 2532 | <strong>Matrix.prototype.each = function(fn) {</strong> |
| | 2533 | <strong>return this.matrix.each(fn);</strong> |
| | 2534 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 2535 | |
| | 2536 | <strong>Matrix.prototype.get = function(x, y) {</strong> |
| | 2537 | <strong>return (this.matrix[y] && this.matrix[y][x]) || 0;</strong> |
| | 2538 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 2539 | |
| | 2540 | <strong>Matrix.prototype.paint = function(offsetx, offsety, color) {</strong> |
| | 2541 | <strong>ctx.fillStyle = color;</strong> |
| | 2542 | <strong>this.matrix.each(function(row, y) {</strong> |
| | 2543 | <strong>row.each(function(val, x) {</strong> |
| | 2544 | <strong>if (val) {</strong> |
| | 2545 | <strong>ctx.fillRect((x + offsetx) * 20, (y + offsety) * 20, 20, 20);</strong> |
| | 2546 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2547 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2548 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2549 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 2550 | |
| | 2551 | <strong>Matrix.prototype.check = function(block, offsetx, offsety) {</strong> |
| | 2552 | <strong>if (offsetx < 0 || offsety < 0 ||</strong> |
| | 2553 | <strong>this.height < offsety + block.height ||</strong> |
| | 2554 | <strong>this.width < offsetx + block.width) {</strong> |
| | 2555 | <strong>return false;</strong> |
| | 2556 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2557 | |
| | 2558 | <strong>var matrix = this.matrix;</strong> |
| | 2559 | <strong>var ok = true;</strong> |
| | 2560 | <strong>block.each(function(row, y) {</strong> |
| | 2561 | <strong>row.each(function(val, x) {</strong> |
| | 2562 | <strong>if (val && matrix[y + offsety][x + offsetx]) {</strong> |
| | 2563 | <strong>ok = false;</strong> |
| | 2564 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2565 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2566 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2567 | <strong>return ok;</strong> |
| | 2568 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 2569 | |
| | 2570 | <strong>Matrix.prototype.merge = function(block, offsetx, offsety) {</strong> |
| | 2571 | <strong>this.matrix.each(function(row, y) {</strong> |
| | 2572 | <strong>row.each(function(val, x) {</strong> |
| | 2573 | <strong>row[x] += block.get(x - offsetx, y - offsety);</strong> |
| | 2574 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2575 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2576 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 2577 | |
| | 2578 | <strong>Matrix.prototype.clearRows = function() {</strong> |
| | 2579 | <strong>var matrix = this.matrix;</strong> |
| | 2580 | <strong>var width = this.width;</strong> |
| | 2581 | <strong>matrix.each(function(row, y) {</strong> |
| | 2582 | <strong>var full = true;</strong> |
| | 2583 | <strong>row.each(function(val, x) {</strong> |
| | 2584 | <strong>if (!val) {</strong> |
| | 2585 | <strong>full = false;</strong> |
| | 2586 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2587 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2588 | <strong>if (full) {</strong> |
| | 2589 | <strong>matrix.splice(y, 1);</strong> |
| | 2590 | <strong>matrix.unshift(new Array(width).each(function() { return 0 }));</strong> |
| | 2591 | <strong>}</strong> |
| | 2592 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2593 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 2594 | |
| | 2595 | <strong>Matrix.prototype.rotate = function() {</strong> |
| | 2596 | <strong>var matrix = this.matrix;</strong> |
| | 2597 | <strong>return new Matrix(new Array(matrix[0].length).each(function(_, y) {</strong> |
| | 2598 | <strong>return new Array(matrix.length).each(function(_, x) {</strong> |
| | 2599 | <strong>return matrix[matrix.length - x - 1][y];</strong> |
| | 2600 | <strong>});</strong> |
| | 2601 | <strong>}));</strong> |
| | 2602 | <strong>};</strong> |
| | 2603 | |
| | 2604 | |
| | 2605 | |
| | 2606 | var ctx; |
| | 2607 | var blocks = [ |
| | 2608 | <strong>new Matrix(</strong>[ |
| | 2609 | [1,1], |
| | 2610 | [0,1], |
| | 2611 | [0,1] |
| | 2612 | ])</strong>, |
| | 2613 | <strong>new Matrix(</strong>[ |
| | 2614 | [1,1], |
| | 2615 | [1,0], |
| | 2616 | [1,0] |
| | 2617 | ]<strong>)</strong>, |
| | 2618 | <strong>new Matrix(</strong>[ |
| | 2619 | [1,1], |
| | 2620 | [1,1] |
| | 2621 | ]<strong>)</strong>, |
| | 2622 | <strong>new Matrix(</strong>[ |
| | 2623 | [1,0], |
| | 2624 | [1,1], |
| | 2625 | [1,0] |
| | 2626 | ]<strong>)</strong>, |
| | 2627 | <strong>new Matrix(</strong>[ |
| | 2628 | [1,0], |
| | 2629 | [1,1], |
| | 2630 | [0,1] |
| | 2631 | ]<strong>)</strong>, |
| | 2632 | <strong>new Matrix(</strong>[ |
| | 2633 | [0,1], |
| | 2634 | [1,1], |
| | 2635 | [1,0] |
| | 2636 | ]<strong>)</strong>, |
| | 2637 | <strong>new Matrix(</strong>[ |
| | 2638 | [1], |
| | 2639 | [1], |
| | 2640 | [1], |
| | 2641 | [1] |
| | 2642 | ]<strong>)</strong> |
| | 2643 | ]; |
| | 2644 | |
| | 2645 | var block = blocks[Math.floor(Math.random() * blocks.length)]; |
| | 2646 | var posx = 0, posy = 0; |
| | 2647 | |
| | 2648 | var map = <strong>new Matrix(</strong>new Array(20).each(function() { |
| | 2649 | return new Array(10).each(function() { return 0; }); |
| | 2650 | })<strong>)</strong>; |
| | 2651 | |
| | 2652 | var load = function() { |
| | 2653 | var elmTarget = document.getElementById('target'); |
| | 2654 | ctx = elmTarget.getContext('2d'); |
| | 2655 | |
| | 2656 | setInterval(function() { |
| | 2657 | ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 200, 400); |
| | 2658 | <strong>block.paint(posx, posy, 'rgb(255, 0, 0)');</strong> |
| | 2659 | <strong>map.paint(0, 0, 'rgb(128, 128, 128)');</strong> |
| | 2660 | |
| | 2661 | if (<strong>map.check(block, posx, posy + 1)</strong>) { |
| | 2662 | posy = posy + 1; |
| | 2663 | } |
| | 2664 | else { |
| | 2665 | <strong>map.merge(block, posx, posy);</strong> |
| | 2666 | <strong>map.clearRows();</strong> |
| | 2667 | posx = 0; posy = 0; |
| | 2668 | block = blocks[Math.floor(Math.random() * blocks.length)]; |
| | 2669 | } |
| | 2670 | }, 200); |
| | 2671 | }; |
| | 2672 | |
| | 2673 | var key = function(keyCode) { |
| | 2674 | switch (keyCode) { |
| | 2675 | case 38: |
| | 2676 | if (!<strong>map.check(block.rotate(), posx, posy)</strong>) { |
| | 2677 | return; |
| | 2678 | } |
| | 2679 | block = <strong>block.rotate(block)</strong>; |
| | 2680 | break; |
| | 2681 | case 39: |
| | 2682 | if (!<strong>map.check(block, posx + 1, posy)</strong>) { |
| | 2683 | return; |
| | 2684 | } |
| | 2685 | posx = posx + 1; |
| | 2686 | break; |
| | 2687 | case 37: |
| | 2688 | if (!<strong>map.check(block, posx - 1, posy)</strong>) { |
| | 2689 | return; |
| | 2690 | } |
| | 2691 | posx = posx - 1; |
| | 2692 | break; |
| | 2693 | case 40: |
| | 2694 | var y = posy; |
| | 2695 | while (<strong>map.check(block, posx, y)</strong>) { y++; } |
| | 2696 | posy = y - 1; |
| | 2697 | break; |
| | 2698 | default: |
| | 2699 | return; |
| | 2700 | } |
| | 2701 | ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 200, 400); |
| | 2702 | <strong>block.paint(posx, posy, 'rgb(255, 0, 0)')</strong>; |
| | 2703 | <strong>map.paint(0, 0, 'rgb(128, 128, 128)')</strong>; |
| | 2704 | }; |
| | 2705 | |
| | 2706 | </script> |
| | 2707 | </head> |
| | 2708 | |
| | 2709 | <body onload="load()" onkeydown="key(event.keyCode)"> |
| | 2710 | <canvas id="target" style="border: 5px solid gray" width="200" height="400"></canvas> |
| | 2711 | </body> |
| | 2712 | </html></code></pre> |
| | 2713 | <p> |
| | 2714 | <a onclick="html(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 2715 | </p> |
| | 2716 | <p> |
| | 2717 | ずいぶん、見通しが良くなりましたね! |
| | 2718 | </p> |
| | 2719 | </div> |
| | 2720 | </div> |
| | 2721 | |
| | 2722 | <div> |
| | 2723 | <h2>Internet Explorer で動かすために</h2> |
| | 2724 | <p> |
| | 2725 | 実は、ここまでのテトリスは Internet Explorer では動きません。 |
| | 2726 | Internet Explorerでは、デフォルトでは canvas 要素が使えないのです。 |
| | 2727 | </p> |
| | 2728 | <p> |
| | 2729 | でも、がっかりする必要はありません。 |
| | 2730 | excanvas.js という JavaScript ファイルを html から読み込んでやれば、 |
| | 2731 | Internet Explorer でも canvas を使うことができるようになります。 |
| | 2732 | </p> |
| | 2733 | |
| | 2734 | <pre><code><!DOCTYPE html> |
| | 2735 | <html> |
| | 2736 | <head> |
| | 2737 | <meta charset=utf-8> |
| | 2738 | <title>Sample</title> |
| | 2739 | <strong><script src="excanvas.js" type="text/javascript"></script></strong> |
| | 2740 | <script type="text/javascript"> |
| | 2741 | |
| | 2742 | Array.prototype.each = function(fn) { |
| | 2743 | var result = []; |
| | 2744 | for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i ++) { |
| | 2745 | result[i] = fn(this[i], i); |
| | 2746 | } |
| | 2747 | return result; |
| | 2748 | }; |
| | 2749 | |
| | 2750 | var Matrix = function(matrix) { |
| | 2751 | this.matrix = matrix; |
| | 2752 | this.height = matrix.length; |
| | 2753 | this.width = matrix[0].length; |
| | 2754 | }; |
| | 2755 | |
| | 2756 | Matrix.prototype.each = function(fn) { |
| | 2757 | return this.matrix.each(fn); |
| | 2758 | }; |
| | 2759 | |
| | 2760 | Matrix.prototype.get = function(x, y) { |
| | 2761 | return (this.matrix[y] && this.matrix[y][x]) || 0; |
| | 2762 | }; |
| | 2763 | |
| | 2764 | Matrix.prototype.paint = function(offsetx, offsety, color) { |
| | 2765 | ctx.fillStyle = color; |
| | 2766 | this.matrix.each(function(row, y) { |
| | 2767 | row.each(function(val, x) { |
| | 2768 | if (val) { |
| | 2769 | ctx.fillRect((x + offsetx) * 20, (y + offsety) * 20, 20, 20); |
| | 2770 | } |
| | 2771 | }); |
| | 2772 | }); |
| | 2773 | }; |
| | 2774 | |
| | 2775 | Matrix.prototype.check = function(block, offsetx, offsety) { |
| | 2776 | if (offsetx < 0 || offsety < 0 || |
| | 2777 | this.height < offsety + block.height || |
| | 2778 | this.width < offsetx + block.width) { |
| | 2779 | return false; |
| | 2780 | } |
| | 2781 | |
| | 2782 | var matrix = this.matrix; |
| | 2783 | var ok = true; |
| | 2784 | block.each(function(row, y) { |
| | 2785 | row.each(function(val, x) { |
| | 2786 | if (val && matrix[y + offsety][x + offsetx]) { |
| | 2787 | ok = false; |
| | 2788 | } |
| | 2789 | }); |
| | 2790 | }); |
| | 2791 | return ok; |
| | 2792 | }; |
| | 2793 | |
| | 2794 | Matrix.prototype.merge = function(block, offsetx, offsety) { |
| | 2795 | this.matrix.each(function(row, y) { |
| | 2796 | row.each(function(val, x) { |
| | 2797 | row[x] += block.get(x - offsetx, y - offsety); |
| | 2798 | }); |
| | 2799 | }); |
| | 2800 | }; |
| | 2801 | |
| | 2802 | Matrix.prototype.clearRows = function() { |
| | 2803 | var matrix = this.matrix; |
| | 2804 | var width = this.width; |
| | 2805 | matrix.each(function(row, y) { |
| | 2806 | var full = true; |
| | 2807 | row.each(function(val, x) { |
| | 2808 | if (!val) { |
| | 2809 | full = false; |
| | 2810 | } |
| | 2811 | }); |
| | 2812 | if (full) { |
| | 2813 | matrix.splice(y, 1); |
| | 2814 | matrix.unshift(new Array(width).each(function() { return 0 })); |
| | 2815 | } |
| | 2816 | }); |
| | 2817 | }; |
| | 2818 | |
| | 2819 | Matrix.prototype.rotate = function() { |
| | 2820 | var matrix = this.matrix; |
| | 2821 | return new Matrix(new Array(matrix[0].length).each(function(_, y) { |
| | 2822 | return new Array(matrix.length).each(function(_, x) { |
| | 2823 | return matrix[matrix.length - x - 1][y]; |
| | 2824 | }); |
| | 2825 | })); |
| | 2826 | }; |
| | 2827 | |
| | 2828 | |
| | 2829 | |
| | 2830 | var ctx; |
| | 2831 | var blocks = [ |
| | 2832 | new Matrix([ |
| | 2833 | [1,1], |
| | 2834 | [0,1], |
| | 2835 | [0,1] |
| | 2836 | ]), |
| | 2837 | new Matrix([ |
| | 2838 | [1,1], |
| | 2839 | [1,0], |
| | 2840 | [1,0] |
| | 2841 | ]), |
| | 2842 | new Matrix([ |
| | 2843 | [1,1], |
| | 2844 | [1,1] |
| | 2845 | ]), |
| | 2846 | new Matrix([ |
| | 2847 | [1,0], |
| | 2848 | [1,1], |
| | 2849 | [1,0] |
| | 2850 | ]), |
| | 2851 | new Matrix([ |
| | 2852 | [1,0], |
| | 2853 | [1,1], |
| | 2854 | [0,1] |
| | 2855 | ]), |
| | 2856 | new Matrix([ |
| | 2857 | [0,1], |
| | 2858 | [1,1], |
| | 2859 | [1,0] |
| | 2860 | ]), |
| | 2861 | new Matrix([ |
| | 2862 | [1], |
| | 2863 | [1], |
| | 2864 | [1], |
| | 2865 | [1] |
| | 2866 | ]) |
| | 2867 | ]; |
| | 2868 | |
| | 2869 | var block = blocks[Math.floor(Math.random() * blocks.length)]; |
| | 2870 | var posx = 0, posy = 0; |
| | 2871 | |
| | 2872 | var map = new Matrix(new Array(20).each(function() { |
| | 2873 | return new Array(10).each(function() { return 0; }); |
| | 2874 | })); |
| | 2875 | |
| | 2876 | var load = function() { |
| | 2877 | var elmTarget = document.getElementById('target'); |
| | 2878 | ctx = elmTarget.getContext('2d'); |
| | 2879 | |
| | 2880 | setInterval(function() { |
| | 2881 | ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 200, 400); |
| | 2882 | block.paint(posx, posy, 'rgb(255, 0, 0)'); |
| | 2883 | map.paint(0, 0, 'rgb(128, 128, 128)'); |
| | 2884 | |
| | 2885 | if (map.check(block, posx, posy + 1)) { |
| | 2886 | posy = posy + 1; |
| | 2887 | } |
| | 2888 | else { |
| | 2889 | map.merge(block, posx, posy); |
| | 2890 | map.clearRows(); |
| | 2891 | posx = 0; posy = 0; |
| | 2892 | block = blocks[Math.floor(Math.random() * blocks.length)]; |
| | 2893 | } |
| | 2894 | }, 200); |
| | 2895 | }; |
| | 2896 | |
| | 2897 | var key = function(keyCode) { |
| | 2898 | switch (keyCode) { |
| | 2899 | case 38: |
| | 2900 | if (!map.check(block.rotate(), posx, posy)) { |
| | 2901 | return; |
| | 2902 | } |
| | 2903 | block = block.rotate(block); |
| | 2904 | break; |
| | 2905 | case 39: |
| | 2906 | if (!map.check(block, posx + 1, posy)) { |
| | 2907 | return; |
| | 2908 | } |
| | 2909 | posx = posx + 1; |
| | 2910 | break; |
| | 2911 | case 37: |
| | 2912 | if (!map.check(block, posx - 1, posy)) { |
| | 2913 | return; |
| | 2914 | } |
| | 2915 | posx = posx - 1; |
| | 2916 | break; |
| | 2917 | case 40: |
| | 2918 | var y = posy; |
| | 2919 | while (map.check(block, posx, y)) { y++; } |
| | 2920 | posy = y - 1; |
| | 2921 | break; |
| | 2922 | default: |
| | 2923 | return; |
| | 2924 | } |
| | 2925 | ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 200, 400); |
| | 2926 | block.paint(posx, posy, 'rgb(255, 0, 0)'); |
| | 2927 | map.paint(0, 0, 'rgb(128, 128, 128)'); |
| | 2928 | }; |
| | 2929 | |
| | 2930 | </script> |
| | 2931 | </head> |
| | 2932 | |
| | 2933 | <body onload="load(); <strong>document.body.focus()</strong>" onkeydown="key(event.keyCode)"> |
| | 2934 | <canvas id="target" style="border: 5px solid gray" width="200" height="400"></canvas> |
| | 2935 | </body> |
| | 2936 | </html></code></pre> |
| | 2937 | <p> |
| | 2938 | <a onclick="html(this)" href="javascript:void(0)">サンプル</a> |
| | 2939 | </p> |
| | 2940 | |
| | 2941 | </div> |
| | 2942 | <p> |
| | 2943 | やった!これで動くようになりました! |
| | 2944 | </p> |